An Empirical Tropical Instability Wave-induced Wind Stress Model in the Equatorial Pacific and its Incorporation into the Ocean Model     

Yanzhou Wei  Xianbiao Kang  Yuhua Pei 《大气与海洋》2013,51(5):350-361

Abstract

Satellite observations revealed that there is a close relationship between perturbations of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind stress (τ) induced by tropical instability waves (TIWs; SST_TIW and τ _TIW). Using the empirical relationship observed between TIW-induced wind stress divergence (curl) and downwind (crosswind) SST gradients, this study establishes a TIW-induced wind stress field perturbation model τ _TIW?=?F(SST). This empirical model solves τ _TIW from the TIW-induced wind stress divergence and curl, which are estimated from the downwind and crosswind SST gradients. This empirical τ _TIW?=?F(SST) model can be incorporated into the ocean model to take into account the effect of τ _TIW. By comparing two experiments with and without the τ _TIW effect, this study demonstrates that τ _TIW has a substantial effect on the equatorial Pacific heat budget and induces the long-term mean SST to exhibit a 0.2°C difference, which is consistent with previous studies.  相似文献   

Influence of Vertical Shear of Basic Tangential Wind on the Development and Maintenance of Typhoon          下载免费PDF全文

TAO Jianjun  WANG Fang  LI Chaokui  HU Xianghui 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(2):273-281

By using a linear symmetric Conditional Instability of Second Kind (CISK) model containing basic flow, we study the interactions between basic flow and mesoscale disturbances in typhoon. The result shows that in the early stage of typhoon formation, the combined action of vertical shear of basic flow at low level and CISK impels the disturbances to grow rapidly and to move toward the center of typhoon. The development of disturbances, likewise, influences on typhoon’s development and structure. Analysis of the mesoscale disturbances’ development and propagation indicates that the maximum wind region moves toward the center, wind velocity increases, and circulation features of an eye appear. Similarly, when a typhoon decays, the increase of low-level vertical wind shear facilitates the development of mesoscale disturbances. In turn, these mesoscale disturbances will provide typhoon with energy and make the typhoon intensify again. Therefore, it can be said that typhoon has the renewable or self-repair function.  相似文献   

台风“麦莎”的强度对台风前部飑线发展过程影响的研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

刘佳  沈新勇  张大林  许映龙  毕明玉 《大气科学》2013,37(5):1025-1037

对2005年8月5日16时(UTC,下同)至6日00时发生的一次台风前部飑线过程进行了数值模拟,分析表明:台前飑线在母体台风和副高之间的湿区生成。台风为这次台前飑线过程提供了有利的条件,包括强的低空急流输送充沛的水汽,强的不稳定环境产生大的对流有效位能以及强的地表辐合,使得初始的离散的对流单体组织发展形成台前飑线。成熟时期的台前飑线虽然比中纬度和热带飑线的变压强度小,但是具有更强的低层暖湿空气入流,中层的入流范围也更加宽广。敏感性试验结果表明:台风强度越强,其台前飑线的回波强度越强,移动速度更快,生命史也更长。强台风使得低空垂直风切变更大,有利于台前飑线的生成和发展,在台前飑线发展成熟后,低空垂直风切变强度减小,不利于台前飑线的维持,加之低空水汽输送的减少,使其逐渐趋向衰亡。  相似文献   

阶段性干旱胁迫对小麦光合生理特性及产量结构的影响          下载免费PDF全文

严韬  朱国良  葛非凡  蒋跃林  李威  吴文革 《气象与减灾研究》2019,42(1):46-53

在人工遮雨的条件下,采用盆栽的种植方式探究"皖麦68"营养生长期(返青期—开花期)及生殖生长期(开花期—成熟期)轻度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量为55%±5%)及复水(土壤相对含水量为70%±5%)对其光合生理特性及产量结构的影响。结果表明:返青期至成熟期充分供水(CK)的小麦旗叶光合参数和产量最高。开花至成熟期复水(DN)的小麦叶片在复水后光合能力迅速恢复,表现出了超补偿效应:光合速率(16.43μmol/(m~2·s))甚至超过了CK(15.01μmol/(m~2·s));采用非直角双曲线模型拟合小麦旗叶的光响应曲线,其中DN的曲角θ最大;DN产量较CK略有降低但千粒重为34.51 g,高于CK(34.44 g)。开花至成熟期轻度干旱(ND)及全生育期轻度干旱(DD)的小麦光合特征参数与产量均显著降低。DD产量最低、品质最差,但其收获指数I_H高于CK、仅次于DN。在小麦返青期—开花期进行水分管理适量减少灌溉,开花期—成熟期复水能够提升籽粒的干物质积累量,获得较高的产量及品质。  相似文献   

基于雷达资料四维变分同化技术对北京地区一次下山突发性增强风暴热动力机制的模拟分析   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

肖现  王迎春  陈明轩  高峰 《气象学报》2013,71(5):797-816

利用三维数值云模式和雷达资料四维变分(4DVar)同化技术,通过对4部新一代多普勒天气雷达探测资料进行快速更新同化和云尺度模拟,初步分析了2009年8月1日发生在北京地区的一次短生命史、突发性增强风暴的低层动力和热力影响机制。此次风暴过程处于弱天气尺度背景和弱层结背景下,冷池和低层环境风场相互作用是造成山上对流风暴增强传播下山的关键机制,而风暴的短生命史和平原地区上空弱风垂直切变环境有关:在对流风暴产生的初期,由于平原地区局地热力、动力场分布的差异,在平原地区西部近地面形成冷池结构,而冷池的“障碍物”作用进而阻碍环境风场的传播。在此机制下,导致在冷池东南边缘附近形成辐合中心、较强的低层水平风垂直切变和全螺旋度大值中心,有助于风暴传播下山。在风暴临近山边阶段,平原地区原有冷池的“绕流”等机制仍然有助于形成有利于主体风暴传播下山增强的近地面辐合中心、强低层水平风垂直切变和全螺旋度大值中心等环境。此外,随着山上风暴降水产生若干冷池,由于风暴形成的阵风锋抬升作用以及新生冷池与老冷池的逐渐发展并相互靠近,使冷池之间暖空气不断抬升,在冷池之间低层形成较强的辐合中心、全螺旋度大值中心。并且,由于冷池边缘的热力场分布不均匀,同样在冷池边缘形成较大扰动气压和扰动温度,增大了垂直加速度,在冷池之间中高层形成上升气流区,这些机制使北部风暴重新增强和新生风暴产生的同时,最终也导致这些风暴互相靠近,合并组织成带状回波。风暴在平原传播阶段,带状回波产生的冷池进一步增强,并明显扩展。低层风场指示冷池出流(阵风锋)更加强烈且存在明显的“前冲”特征,显现出部分飑线系统特征。但是,由于此时平原地区处于弱风垂直切变环境,此时冷池强于低层风垂直切变,即冷池产生的负涡度大于低层风垂直切变产生的正涡度,因此,冷池前沿的上升气流向后倾斜并导致阵风锋逐渐离开主体风暴,不利于沿着出流边界形成新的对流单体,从而不利于维持对流风暴系统的发展传播。随后,阵风锋和前方东南气流交汇,形成新的孤立单体。并且,基于模拟结果计算了与对流系统发展密切相关的全螺旋度、风垂直切变。结果显示,风垂直切变(尤其是0—3 km)和全螺旋度与风暴发生和传播位置及强度相关性较高,反映出模拟量对带状回波风暴过程具有较好的指示意义。  相似文献   

舒适度测量仪探测系统开发     

雷卫延  敖振浪  杨志健  蔡耿华 《气象科技》2013,41(5):960-964

舒适度测量仪探测系统主要由采集器、传感器、支架、供水系统、通信模块、数据采集软件6个部分组成.除通信模块之外,其他5个部分都是全新设计.采集器是系统的核心,负责数据的采集、处理和传输;数据采集软件安装在中心服务器上,负责数据的采集、处理、显示和存储,并能远程监测和遥控探测现场的设备.此外,对舒适度的相关理论进行分析,给出适合广州地区的舒适度指数分级标准,并对舒适度测量仪探测数据进行分析.近一年的试运行表明,系统运行稳定、探测数据可靠、适合业务组网的要求.  相似文献   

Modelling mechanical behaviour of limestone under reservoir conditions     

Lúcia Carvalho Coelho  Antonio Claudio Soares  Nelson Francisco F. Ebecken  Jos Luis Drummond Alves  Luiz Landau 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(14):1477-1500

High porosity and low permeability limestone has presented pore collapse. As fluid is withdrawn from these reservoirs, the effective stresses acting on the rock increase. If the strength of the rock is overcome, pore collapse may occur, leading to irreversible compaction of porous media with permeability and porosity reduction. It impacts on fluid withdrawal. Most of reservoirs have been discovered in weak formations, which are susceptible to this phenomenon. This work presents a study on the mechanical behaviour of a porous limestone from a reservoir located in Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. An experimental program was undergone in order to define its elastic plastic behaviour. The tests reproduced the loading path conditions expected in a reservoir under production. Parameters of the cap model were fitted to these tests and numerical simulations were run. The numerical simulations presented a good agreement with the experimental tests. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Delayed plastic model for time‐dependent behaviour of materials     

Tsutomu Namikawa 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(6):605-627

A delayed plastic model, based on the theory of plasticity, is proposed to represent the time‐dependent behaviour of materials. It is assumed in this model that the stress can lie outside the yield surface and the conjugate stress called static stress is defined on the yield surface. The stress–strain relation is calculated based on the plastic theory embedding the static stress. Thus, the stress–strain relation of the model practically corresponds to that of the inviscid elastoplastic model under fairly low rate deformation. The delayed plastic model is coupled with the Cam‐clay model for normally consolidated clays. The performance of the model is then examined by comparing the model predictions with reported time‐dependent behaviour of clays under undrained triaxial conditions. It is shown that the model is capable of predicting the effect of strain rate during undrained shear and the undrained creep behaviour including creep rupture. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Extensive-Dilatancy Anisotropy (Eda) Inferred From Observations of Crustal Shear Waves Generated By A Refraction Experiment In Northern Scandinavia     

S. G. Brooks  P. N. Chroston  D. C. Booth 《Geophysical Journal International》1987,90(1):225-232

Summary. Particle-motion plots of shear waves have been studied for the section FG of the FENNOLORA seismic experiment. Shear-wave splitting is observed on some records and the polarization of the first arriving shear waves show two peaks at about N35°W and N65°E. These results can be interpreted as being due to crack-induced anisotropy with the crack direction dominated by a (dominant) horizontal stress around N35°W. This is consistent with in situ stress measurements and focal mechanism studies in Scandinavia. the results show that seismic refraction experiments may be useful in providing evidence of crack-induced anisotropy in the stable continental crust.  相似文献   

位移测量反演分析的解算模型与应用     

潘国荣 《大地测量与地球动力学》2006,26(2):75-78

利用现场位移测量资料反演分析是进行洞室围岩稳定分析和了解岩体介质中洞室的力学性状与设计参数的一种新手段。阐述了位移测量反演分析的基本思路、解算模型、成果检验等，并用计算实例说明了其有效性。  相似文献